E-Learning+Principles+and+Examples

__**Multimedia Principle**__ - Promotes the concept of instruction that employs the use of multiple forms of media to delivery e-lessons. The instructor designs appropriate use of text, and graphics to provide material to a learner electronically. The technique is primarily used in learning for novice learners. **__Example: __** A PowerPoint presentation
 * E-Learning Principles and Examples **

__**Example:**__ The addition of music in the background in an e-learning course.
 * __Coherence Principle 1: __**Avoid e-lessons with extraneous audio. The use of music or other unnecessary audio when delivering e-lessons is not recommended. The technique may cause cognitive overload in the learner. Avoiding extraneous noise promotes learning.


 * __Coherence Principle 2 __****:** Avoid e-lessons with extraneous graphics. Avoid the addition of graphics and other visuals in e-learning that are not essential to the instruction. Unrelated graphics distracts the learner from the learning process and focusing on the main concept of the material. The including of unrelated graphics interferes with the sense-making needed by the learner.
 * __Example: __** Graphics added to PowerPoint presentation that is unrelated to the information presented and are simply added for interest.


 * __Coherence Principle 3 __****:** Avoid e-lessons with extraneous words. Avoid using extra words when the goal is to promote learning of targeted material. The recommendation is to stick to the basics with concise description of the content. Do not added extra words for elaboration, interest or technical depth.
 * __Example: __** Adding titles and subtitles to instructional e-lessons to simply add interest to the page.


 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Personalization Principle 1: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Use conversational rather than formal style. The technique recommends that material is presented in a conversational style. Research shows that in order for humans to make sense of information it must be presented in an appropriate cognitive context. Research further shows that humans work harder to understand material when they are in a conversation with a partner. Formal speech fails to engage the learner, the technique works best with less experienced learners and when the amount of personalization does not distract from the material.
 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Example: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The use of an Avatar who speaks in conversational language to guide a tutorial.


 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Personalization Principle 2 __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">**:** Using effective on-screen coaches to promote learning. Pedagogical agents are on-screen coaches are used to engage the learner. The agent can be a life-like or cartoon-like character, with machine generated voice or human recorded voice. Used often in e-learning, the concept is to provide a learner guide to navigate through the information. It is not necessary for the agent to appear life-like, it is however necessary that it moves in humanlike ways.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Example: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A personalized avatar who may have human features, eye movement and human like voice who engages the learner and guides them through the information.

**__<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Personalization Principle 3: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Make the author visible to promote learning. The concept promotes the idea that a visible author encourages the learner by revealing aspects of the author, making them more approachable and personal. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">**__Example:__** Provide an avatar guide that reveals his personality and interest, engaging the learner in a personal encouraging way.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">__Segmenting Principle:__ **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The concept of providing lessons in small digestible segment of information that the learner is allowed time to process. If learners are presented information in a continuous process it is likely that the learner will experience cognitive overload.
 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Example: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Provide multimedia presentation of an e-lesson where the learner controls the pace at which they receive new information. By clicking the continue button to progress through the material.


 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pre-Training Principle: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ensures that the learner know the name and characteristics of key concepts. This concept allows the instructor to prepare the learners with information that is essential to the lesson. Without which the learner would be overwhelmed cognitively.
 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Example: __**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A third grade class is prepared to take a standardized test by pre-training them to bubble in their answers on the test document. Without advance training students would be overwhelmed cognitively by the need to process the complexity of standardized test taking along with the subject matter of the test.

__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Conclusion **__ <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Research suggest the use of all of the above techniques promote learning, however when any of the principles are altered or not followed is when they do not promote learning, however if they are followed they all promote learning in a variety of ways and in different areas for all levels of learners.

__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Reference **__